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Microscopes Are Critical in Environmental Monitoring!

Created on 09.04

I. Water Quality Monitoring: A Microscopic Diagnostic Tool for Water Health​

1. Plankton Monitoring​

Observe phytoplankton (e.g., cyanobacteria) under a 40-100x microscope; a count exceeding 1000 cells/mL indicates eutrophication risk. Examine zooplankton (e.g., rotifers) under a 100-200x microscope; deformities or deaths can alert to heavy metal pollution.

Selection: Optical microscope with bright-field + dark-field dual illumination; stage supporting quantitative counting. For long-term monitoring, models with digital imaging functions are optional.

2. Microbial Pollution Detection​

After Gram staining, check bacteria (e.g., E. coli) under a 1000x oil-immersion microscope; counts exceeding 3 cells/100mL require water supply shutdown and disinfection. Inspect parasite eggs (e.g., roundworm eggs) under a 400x microscope; detection enables sewage discharge source tracing.

Advantage: Preliminary results available in 30 minutes, suitable for on-site screening of sudden water pollution.

3. Pollutant Particle Identification​

Detect microplastics using a 40-100x microscope + fluorescent staining; a sudden concentration increase can identify pollution sources like plastic factories. Examine heavy metal particles (e.g., angular chromium slag, spherical lead slag) under a 1000x polarizing microscope to assist in source tracing.

II. Soil Monitoring: A Microscopic Decoder for Soil Health​

1. Soil Microbial Community Analysis​

Observe bacteria (10^8-10^9 cells/g in healthy soil) and actinomycete hyphae under a 1000x oil-immersion microscope. Check mycorrhizal fungi under a 40-100x stereomicroscope; low counts require organic fertilizer supplementation.

Application: Compare microbial communities to develop ecological fertilization plans and reduce chemical fertilizer pollution.

2. Soil Particle Structure Observation​

Observe aggregate structure under a 40-100x stereomicroscope; a proportion below 15% requires improvement for soil compaction. Check salt crystal distribution; coverage exceeding 20% indicates severe salinization.

3. Soil Pollutant Detection​

Observe heavy metal precipitates (black mercury sulfide, yellow cadmium sulfide) under a 1000x microscope; cadmium concentrations exceeding 0.3mg/kg require suspending leafy vegetable cultivation. Detect pesticide crystals using a 365nm fluorescence microscope to avoid food chain hazards.

III. Air Monitoring: A Microscopic Trapper for Air Particles​

1. Particle Source Tracing​

Examine industrial dust (spherical iron oxide, irregular cement particles) and vehicle exhaust particles (chain-like carbon particles) under a 1000x scanning electron microscope (SEM) to accurately trace pollution sources (e.g., enterprises).

Advantage: Nanoscale resolution (0.1-10nm), more valuable for source tracing than gravimetric methods.

2. Biological Particle Early Warning​

Check pollen under a 40-100x microscope; counts exceeding 500 grains/m³ trigger allergy warnings. Count fungal spores using a fluorescence microscope; concentrations exceeding 1000 spores/m³ require ventilation and dehumidification to prevent respiratory diseases.

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