The microscope is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science, allowing us to glimpse a intricate world hidden from the naked eye. Since Antonie van Leeuwenhoek first observed microorganisms through his homemade microscope in the 17th century, this technology has continuously pushed the boundaries of scientific research. Today, microscopy has become an indispensable tool in fields such as biology, medicine, and materials science.

Dutch spectacle makers Hans and Zacharias Janssen constructed the first compound microscope in 1590. Although its magnification was less than 10x, it laid the foundation for future developments. In the 17th century, Leeuwenhoek improved microscope magnification to 270x, enabling the first observations of bacteria, red blood cells, and other microorganisms.

German optical scientist Ernst Abbe proposed the theory of microscope imaging, clarifying the relationship between resolution and light wavelength, which provided the theoretical basis for modern microscope design. During this period, optical manufacturers such as Zeiss and Leica began producing high-quality microscopes.

The latest quantum microscopes have achieved 0.5-angstrom resolution, equivalent to one-tenth of an atomic diameter, allowing direct observation of chemical bond formation and breaking.

Modern high-end microscopes often integrate multiple detection methods such as optics, electronics, and spectroscopy, enabling simultaneous acquisition of multidimensional information including morphology, composition, and mechanical properties.

Quantum microscopy technology is expected to achieve sub-angstrom resolution, enabling direct observation of electron cloud distribution.

AI will enable fully automated experimental design, data acquisition, and analysis.

Miniaturized designs will make real-time field detection possible.

Deep integration with physics, chemistry, computer science, and other disciplines.

As an extension of the human eye, microscopy has continuously expanded the boundaries of our understanding for over 400 years. From initial simple magnification to today's atomic resolution, and from manual operation to intelligent automation, the history of microscope technology is a story of humanity's exploration of the unknown and pursuit of truth. With the application of new technologies such as quantum technology and artificial intelligence, microscopy will continue to play an irreplaceable role in scientific research, helping humans unravel more of nature's mysteries.